http://drw.jfn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/59 2026-05-12T16:18:47Z http://drw.jfn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/309 Jaffna rehaibilization project(JRP).Study on water supply ,Rain water harvesting,waste water and solid waste mangement in Jaffna Municipal council Sivarajah, N. 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://drw.jfn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/230 Water security and related issues in Sri Lanka : the need for integrated water resource management (IWRM). Ananda Gunatilaka Water is the least regulated natural resource in the world. Water security implies accessibility to cheap and clean water to achieve acceptable standards of food and goods production, sanitation and health, which in turn require cheap energy. Water security should also entail an equitable distribution of water for all stakeholders in the country to prevent social, political and civil unrest. In Sri Lanka, almost 96% of available water from the hydrological cycle is used up in agriculture and food production, contributing just 13% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP, 2007). With the demise of cheap energy water, food and energy security issues become closely interlinked. Domestic and industrial per capita water use has increased with (GDP) growth. With per capita water availability expected to decrease over time, water security should become a key element in national planning in Sri Lanka. This entails the physical protection of all water related infrastructure from potential disruptions and the efficient allocation and utilization of our limited water resources in all sectors of the economy, with a well executed programme of integrated water resources management (IWRM) backed by quantitative hydrological-modelling. Nations can be characterized by their water footprints and virtual water flows across their borders through the medium of international trade in commodities whose volumes change over time. This is also a mechanism to transfer water from regions of surplus to those of scarcity so that some balance in water security is achieved.With envisaged shortages due to increasing demand arising from population growth, rising living standards and even predicted climate changes on short time scales, water cannot be considered an inalienable right by its users. In a globalizing market economy, intra- and international virtual water flows require that a fair price be levied on water extraction and use. 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://drw.jfn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/228 Micro irrigation technology: a remedy for groundwater management in Jaffna Peninsula. Christy Nilani, L.; Thushyanthy, M.; Sivakumar, S. The study was conducted with the objective of estimating groundwater saving, irrigation intervals and duration for cabbage, a field trial was carried out with sprinkler irrigation to see the performance of yield. The field posses the main soil type of Calcic red yellow latosol and located under DL3 region. The ten treatments were carried out including farmers’ practices, morning sprinkler irrigation for 15 and 25 minutes and morning and evening sprinkler irrigation for15 and 25 minutes with two varieties analyzed by two factorial randomized block complete design. Irrigation duration of 15 minutes sprinkler irrigation with Green coronet variety field was record highest yield of 4.53 kg/m2 and 15 minutes sprinkler irrigation with K – Y cross variety field was record lowest yield of 3.94 kg/m2.Morning sprinkler irrigation was statistically not significant different from morning & evening sprinkler irrigation and these two treatments were statistically significant different from ridge and furrow irrigation for two varieties. Finally 5 minutes sprinkler irrigation was selected as best treatment and followed by 25 minutes sprinkler irrigation. Green coronet variety more response to sprinkler irrigation than K – Y cross variety. The depth of water application was higher in ridge and furrow irrigation than sprinkler irrigation. The saving of 69.31% of groundwater was accounted under sprinkler irrigation system with 15 min duration compared to ridge and furrow irrigation method. Adaptation of sprinkler irrigation is more economical and water saving than the ridge and furrow irrigation. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://drw.jfn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/116 Organizational Management of Groundwater by Farmers for the Sustainable Utilization of Water Resource in Jaffna District of Northern Sri Lanka Tharmendra, P.; Sivakumar, S.S. Groundwater is categorized as a common pool resource and is characterized by exclusion and substractbility. Given the nature of groundwater, user exclusion is an extremely difficult task. The cost of exclusion measures could outweigh the benefits generated from the use of the resource. In a finite aquifer system, water withdrawal by one or more persons reduces the water available for others and thus groundwater becomes rival in use. Eventual depletion occurs when water withdrawals exceed replenishment rates over period of time. Groundwater suffers from appropriation and provision related problems. Short term gains often pushes users to over exploit the resource base with minimal or no maintenance. Absence of incentives, institutional structures, and social mechanisms would potentially lead to the destruction common pool resources. Farmer Organizations in Sri Lanka were formed to organize farmer activities at field level. They exist all over the country and formed at the Grama Niladari or Village level. Traditionally the Farmers’s Organizations focused on providing membership to farmers, distribution of inputs, irrigation management at local level, and act as a body for collective voicing for farmers. Their involvement in groundwater management had been minimal in the past. Unlike Jaffna, existence of surface irrigation systems in other parts of the country could have contributed to the Farmer Organization’s limited involvement in managing the groundwater resources. Given the nature of ground water use at individual level, difficulty of controlling their usage, the article examines potential role social capital could play in such circumstances. The article examines the potential role that the already existing Farmer Organizations could play in conserving and managing the scarce groundwater resources of Jaffna district. Ground water is the life line of Jaffna peninsula and the traditional shallow wells had been used for centuries for domestic and irrigation purposes. Approximately the 0.6 Million population of the district largely depends on groundwater sources for its various needs. The whole Jaffna peninsula is underlain by Miocene limestone formations which are generally 100 to 150 m thick, distinctly bedded, well jointed and highly karstified. Water mounds or lenses found within the limestone formation reach their peak during the monsoon rains of November –December. The aquifer boundary itself expands and contracts through the wet and dry seasons respectively. Various studies has placed the net groundwater recharge rate at an average 37% with Spatial variation of net groundwater recharge ranging from 12 to 69%, of annual rainfall. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z